As part of my recent binge of French reading, but in something of a contrast to my last post, today I want to share some thoughts on a classic of French poetry – “A Season in Hell” by Arthur Rimbaud. I have a big chunky volume of his complete writings on the shelf, but nevertheless was impelled to pick up this particular translation, by Louise Varese, thanks to Patti Smith! I follow Patti’s Substack, and she’s recently being doing a lot of posts on the poet, planning a Rimbaud month; she talked a lot about her favourite translation of “Season…” which is the one by Varese, and for this particular edition she provided the preface. Plus I love the cover art…. (shallow, moi???) So I confess I sent off for a copy and decided this would be the version I read.
If I’m honest, I can’t recall what and when I’ve read of Rimbaud in the past, although I’ve owned his work for decades. So in many ways I was coming to this new, which was an interesting way to approach his work. This edition is a bilingual one, with the French and English texts side by side; and this can create problems for me (more of which later…) However, let’s get on with the poetry itself.
“A Season in Hell” is a long prose poem, and it’s the only one he published himself. Written when he was just 19, it’s an emotional and perhaps enigmatic work; and it seems that it divides critics as to its meaning. So whether I am going to be able to add anything of substance to the discussion remains to be seen! Tracing its narrator’s damnation and journey through his personal hell, there are sections which discuss Rimbaud’s relationship with Verlaine in allegorical fashion as well as his theories of poetry. Rimbaud explores his past and his ancestors, and wallows in self-loathing. It’s a dramatic narrative, full of dark imagery, and one which certainly leaves you moved, if perhaps puzzled.
Appended to “A Season…” is one of Rimbaud’s best-known works, “The Drunken Boat“, a poem from 1871. Apparently inspired by Jules Verne’s “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea”, the verse tells of the sinking of a boat at sea. The poem is full of vivid imagery, and the first person narrative appears to be the voice of the boat itself, which is very striking. The boat describes its gradual sinking into the ocean in hallucinatory visions; and the mixture of beauty and horror which it witnesses is incredibly powerful and evocative.
So what, in the end, to say about Rimbaud and his works? Well, I can’t claim to always quite get what he’s trying to say; but some of the prose and poetry is quite beautiful (and having read a number of works by Patti Smith over the years, I can really see his influence on her writing!) The vivid visions, the hallicinatory prose and the imagery are quite stunning and I’d like to give the work another reading to see what I think on a second visit to his hell. I may actually consider reading the other translation I have for the sake of comparison; because as I hinted above, the fact that this is a dual language edition has left me with a few thoughts on this version…

Rimbaud in 1872 (by Étienne Carjat, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikipedia Commons)
French is the only other language I have a (very!) little knowledge of, and my schoolgirl vocabulary doesn’t go that far. However, when the original text is sitting there on the left of the page, I *do* have a little gander, and I found the odd query popping up in my head. Yes, I *know* a literal translation is not a poetic one, but there differences in e.g. punctuation, and also points where Varese appeared to have altered that, and even added bits in. For example:
Qu’il vienne, qu’il vienne,
Le temps dont on s’eprenne
is rendered as:
Oh may it come, the time of love,
The time we’d be enamoured of.
Hmm. The literal translation from dear Google is:
Let it come, let it come,
The time we fall in love with.
I can’t say what a translator would do with the original, but the Varese version does lose the lovely repetition of the first line. And as I said, my French is fairly minimal nowadays, but I *am* able to recognise when the month of July in the original is changed to August in the translation… I’m not going to say any more, because it’s quite possible I’ll make a twit of myself, and I do recognise that translating poetry must be the hardest thing in the world. But I was left with the odd question…
In the end, I found reading “A Season in Hell” a fascinating experience, though I suspect I responded differently to it than I would have when I was younger. MarinaSofia commented on Twitter that Rimbaud WAS her teens and I suspect that I might well have become completely sunk in his self-absorbtion had I read him when I was a lot younger. As it is, I’m happy to have enjoyed some very beautiful, dark and sometimes surreal verse – and I’ll look forward to exploring further!